Vascular malformation is a general term that includes congenital vascular anomalies of only veins, only lymph vessels, both veins and lymph vessels, or both arteries and veins.
These are all present at birth and become apparent at different ages. We are just beginning to understand how malformations occur. The pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, when associated with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is inherited genetically. There is currently much work being done on the possible genetics of other malformations. Most are only known as something that occurs during development of the arteries, veins, and lymph vessels, but without specific cause.
These vascular malformations can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the location in the body:
may cause pain wherever they are located. Venous and lymphatic malformations may cause a lump under the skin. There may be an overlying birthmark on the skin. Bleeding or lymph fluid leaking may occur from skin lesions. Lymphatic malformations tend to become infected, requiring repeated antibiotic treatments. Venous and lymphatic malformations may be associated with a syndrome called Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome.
is another common term used for vascular anomalies. However, this name actually applies to a childhood vascular anomaly that has a rapid growth phase between birth and 3 months of age. These will resolve completely by age 7.Haemangioma most commonly appears on the face, scalp, chest or back. Treatment of a hemangioma is usually unnecessary unless the nodule interferes with vision or breathing, or in rare cases of internal hemangiomas causes or contributes to other medical problems.
may cause pain. They are also more stressful on the heart because of the rapid shunting of blood from arteries to veins. Depending on their location, they may also result in bleeding (for example from the bowels, from the uterus or from the bladder).
Blood vessel abnormalities may accompany a variety of genetic or inherited syndromes. Patients that present with vascular malformations will receive multidisciplinary care to ensure coordinated treatment for all of their symptoms. A wide variety of combinations and syndromes commonly associated with vascular malformations are treated by Interventional Radiology, with additional collaboration from other multidisciplinary teams.These include:
Patients experiencing vascular or pelvic pain may also wish to explore our Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Treatment, which similarly addresses abnormal vascular flow using embolization.
Superficial malformations can often be identified on physical examination. Deeper malformations are diagnosed using MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), which provides detailed imaging of internal vascular structures.
Although surgery is sometimes considered, surgeons frequently find it difficult to completely remove vascular malformations and incomplete removal leads to recurrence. At IRCC Pakistan, our interventional radiologists use non-surgical, image-guided embolization as the primary treatment approach.
Alcohol is injected directly into the fluid-filled sacs of venous or lymphatic malformations (sclerotherapy), causing them to collapse and permanently stop filling. This approach is closely related to the embolization techniques used in our Interventional Oncology treatments such as Bland Embolization and Chemoembolization, where blocking abnormal blood supply is used to treat tumors. Similarly, Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization and Uterine Fibroid Embolization use the same minimally invasive embolization principles.
The arteriovenous malformations can be treated with a short hospital stay. There is usually minimal discomfort for one to three days. The venous and lymphatic malformations require no hospital stay. These malformations swell after treatment with alcohol, and the swelling and pain may last for three to five days. During this time, we give patients medication for any pain or swelling they may have. The full shrinkage of these malformations may take four to six weeks.
Arteriovenous malformations are more difficult to treat since they tend to pull in new artery feeders from time to time. However, embolization is very effective in blocking abnormal artery feeders while preserving normal arteries. AVMs may require a series of treatments to block all of the abnormal feeders. Venous and lymphatic malformations respond well to alcohol embolization. These may also require a series of treatments about six weeks apart to block all of the abnormal vessels. All vascular malformations require long term surveillance, so that if there is any change, such as a growth spurt with puberty or pregnancy or menopause, they can be monitored for symptoms that may warrant rechecking and possibly retreating.
IRCC Pakistan treats patients of all ages from newborns to adults. The optimal timing of treatment depends on the specific type of malformation, its symptoms, and the individual patient's needs. Our specialists will tailor a treatment plan specific to your case.
Depending on your vascular condition, you may also benefit from:
It depends on the type and location. Some cause only cosmetic concerns or mild discomfort, while others, particularly AVMs, can place stress on the heart or cause internal bleeding. All malformations should be evaluated by a specialist.
No. Vascular malformations are benign (non-cancerous) abnormalities of blood or lymph vessels. They are not tumors and do not spread like cancer.
Complete cure depends on the type. Venous and lymphatic malformations respond very well to sclerotherapy. AVMs are more difficult and may require multiple treatment sessions. Long-term monitoring is recommended for all types.
The procedure is performed under sedation and local anesthesia, so there is no pain during treatment. Post-procedure swelling and discomfort may last 3-5 days for venous or lymphatic malformations and 1-3 days for AVMs, managed with medication.
AVMs may require multiple embolization sessions. Venous and lymphatic malformations are typically treated in sessions spaced approximately six weeks apart until the abnormal vessels are fully blocked.
Yes. IRCC Pakistan treats patients from newborns to adults. Treatment timing is individualized based on the child's age, malformation type, and symptoms.
Untreated malformations can grow over time, particularly during puberty, pregnancy, or hormonal changes. AVMs can worsen and cause serious complications including bleeding. Early evaluation is strongly recommended.
Not usually. While surgery is sometimes considered, it is difficult to completely remove malformations surgically, and incomplete removal causes recurrence. Minimally invasive embolization and sclerotherapy by our interventional radiologists is typically preferred.
For arteriovenous malformations, discomfort typically resolves within 1-3 days. For venous and lymphatic malformations, swelling subsides in 3-5 days, with full shrinkage occurring over 4-6 weeks.
Yes. IRCC Pakistan offers comprehensive vascular malformation treatment performed by specialist interventional radiologists. Contact us to book a consultation.
I was facing severe fibroid symptoms that were affecting my daily life. After undergoing Uterine Fibroid Embolization, my condition improved remarkably without surgery. The procedure was comfortable, and recovery was very quick. I truly appreciate the care and professionalism of the medical team.
.png)
I had been dealing with discomfort due to varicocele for a long time. The embolization procedure was simple and minimally invasive, and I experienced relief within a short period. The doctors explained everything clearly and made the entire process stress-free. Highly satisfied with the results.
I was worried about thyroid treatment options until I learned about Radiofrequency Ablation. The procedure was safe, painless, and required no surgery. My symptoms improved significantly, and recovery was smooth. I highly recommend this treatment and the medical team.
My leg pain and visible veins were getting worse, but Varicose Vein Ablation completely changed my condition. The treatment was quick, and I was able to walk normally the same day. Excellent experience and very professional medical care.
For decades, women with uterine fibroids, or benign growths inside the uterus, commonly have been offered two options to manage the symptoms—get a hysterectomy, or just deal with the pain.
Male infertility often involves low sperm count. Varicocele, swollen veins within the testicles, is a common contributor and can impact sperm health.
Varicose veins are bulging, twisted veins that can be seen and felt right under the skin. They commonly occur on the legs, and are present in up to 30% of people.
